Alterations in the Gut Microbiota Composition in Obesity with and without Type 2 Diabetes: A Pilot Study

Xiaojing Wang, Qinli Guo, Zhaoxiang Liu, Yanlei Wang, Chenxiang Cao, Lixia Jin, Caihong Li, Jianzhong Xiao, Wenhui Zhao
Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

Abstract 

Obesity has become a major public health concern worldwide, increasing the risk of T2DM. Growing evidence indicates gut microbiota dysbiosis is related to metabolic disorders. We aimed to firstly investigate the compositional and functional features of the gut microbiome between obesity with and without T2DM in the Chinese population.

References:
  1. Mahase E. Obesity: no European country is on track to halt rising levels by 2025, WHO warns. BMJ. 2022;377:o1107. doi:10.1136/ bmj.o1107
  2. Zeng Q, Li N, Pan XF, Chen L, Pan A. Clinical management and treatment of obesity in China. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2021;9(6):393–405. doi:10.1016/S2213-8587(21)00047-4
  3. Withrow D, Alter DA. The economic burden of obesity worldwide: a systematic review of the direct costs of obesity. Obes Rev. 2011;12(2):131–141. doi:10.1111/j.1467-789X.2009.00712.x
  4. Mandrup-Poulsen T. Type 2 diabetes mellitus: a metabolic autoinflammatory disease. Dermatol Clin. 2013;31(3):495–506. doi:10.1016/j.det.2013.04.006
  5. Eizirik DL, Pasquali L, Cnop M. Pancreatic beta-cells in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: different pathways to failure. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2020;16(7):349–362. doi:10.1038/s41574-020-0355-7
  6. Dabke K, Hendrick G, Devkota S. The gut microbiome and metabolic syndrome. J Clin Invest. 2019;129(10):4050–4057. doi:10.1172/JCI129194
  7. Van Hul M, Cani PD. The gut microbiota in obesity and weight management: microbes as friends or foe? Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2023;19(5):258–271. doi:10.1038/s41574-022-00794-0
  8. Saad MJ, Santos A, Prada PO. Linking Gut Microbiota and Inflammation to Obesity and Insulin Resistance. Physiology. 2016;31(4):283–293. doi:10.1152/physiol.00041.2015
  9. Cani PD, Amar J, Iglesias MA, et al. Metabolic endotoxemia initiates obesity and insulin resistance. Diabetes. 2007;56(7):1761– 1772. doi:10.2337/db06-1491
  10. Pinart M, Dotsch A, Schlicht K, et al. Gut Microbiome Composition in Obese and Non-Obese Persons: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients. 2021;14(1):12. doi:10.3390/ nu14010012
  11. Li Z, Chen L, Sepulveda M, et al. Microbiota-dependent and -independent effects of obesity on transplant rejection and hyperglycemia. Am J Transplant. 2023;23(10):1526–1535. doi:10.1016/j. ajt.2023.06.011
  12. Thingholm LB, Ruhlemann MC, Koch M, et al. Obese Individuals with and without Type 2 Diabetes Show Different Gut Microbial Functional Capacity and Composition. Cell Host Microbe. 2019;26(2):252–264e210. doi:10.1016/j.chom.2019.07.004
  13. Ejtahed HS, Hoseini-Tavassol Z, Khatami S, et al. Main gut bacterial composition differs between patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes and non-diabetic adults. J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2020;19(1):265–271. doi:10.1007/s40200-020-00502-7
  14. Le chatelier E, Nielsen T, Qin J, et al. Richness of human gut microbiome correlates with metabolic markers.Nature. 2013;500(7464):541–546. doi:10.1038/nature12506
  15. Vallianou N, Stratigou T, Christodoulatos GS, et al. Understand- ing the Role of the Gut Microbiome and Microbial Metabolites in Obesity and Obesity-Associated Metabolic Disorders: current Evidence and Perspectives. Curr Obes Rep. 2019;8(3):317–332. doi:10.1007/s13679-019-00352-2
  16. Zhang X, Zhao Y, Xu J, et al. Modulation of gut microbiota by berberine and metformin during the treatment of high-fat diet- induced obesity in rats. Sci Rep. 2015;5(1):14405. doi:10.1038/ srep14405
  17. Kasai C, Sugimoto K, Moritani I, et al. Comparison of the gut microbiota composition between obese and non-obese individuals in a Japanese population, as analyzed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and next generation sequencing. BMC Gastroenterol. 2015;15(100):1–10. doi:10.1186/s12876-015-0330-2
  18. Gaike AH, Paul D, Bhute S, et al. The Gut Microbial Diversity of Newly Diagnosed Diabetics but Not of Prediabetics Is Significantly Different from That of Healthy Nondiabetics. mSystems. 2020;5(2). doi:10.1128/mSystems.00578-19.
  19. Vavreckova M, Galanova N, Kostovcik M, et al. Specific gut bacterial and fungal microbiota pattern in the first half of pregnancy is linked to the development of gestational diabetes mellitus in the cohort including obese women. Front Endocrinol. 2022;13:970825. doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.970825
  20. Wang C, Zhang H, Liu H, et al. The genus Sutterella is a potential contributor to glucose metabolism improvement after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery in T2D. Diabet Res Clin Pract. 2020;162:108116. doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108116
  21. Liu G, Bei J, Liang L, Yu G, Li L, Li Q. Stachyose Improves Inflammation through Modulating Gut Microbiota of High-Fat Diet/ Streptozotocin-Induced Type 2 Diabetes in Rats. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2018;62(6):e1700954. doi:10.1002/mnfr.201700954
  22. Liang YY, Liu LY, Jia Y, et al. Correlation between gut microbiota and glucagon-like peptide-1 in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus. World J Diabetes. 2022;13(10):861–876. doi:10.4239/ wjd.v13.i10.861
  23. Blaak EE, Canfora EE, Theis S, et al. Short chain fatty acids in human gut and metabolic health. Benef Microbes. 2020;11(5):411– 455. doi:10.3920/BM2020.0057
  24. Mishra SP, Wang B, Jain S, et al. A mechanism by which gut microbiota elevates permeability and inflammation in obese/ diabetic mice and human gut. Gut. 2023;72(10):1848–1865. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2022-327365
  25. Larsen JM. The immune response to Prevotella bacteria in chronic inflammatory disease. Immunology. 2017;151(4):363–374. doi:10.1111/imm.12760
  26. Kovatcheva-Datchary P, Nilsson A, Akrami R, et al. Dietary Fiber-Induced Improvement in Glucose Metabolism Is Associated with Increased Abundance of Prevotella. Cell Metab. 2015;22(6):971–982. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2015.10.001
  27. Zhao X, Zhang Y, Guo R, et al. The Alteration in Composition and Function of Gut Microbiome in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. J Diabetes Res. 2020;2020:8842651. doi:10.1155/2020/8842651
  28. Tao S, Li L, Li L, et al. Understanding the gut-kidney axis among biopsy-proven diabetic nephropathy, type 2 diabetes mellitus and healthy controls: an analysis of the gut microbiota composition. Acta Diabetol. 2019;56(5):581–592. doi:10.1007/s00592- 019-01316-7
  29. Chen T, Long W, Zhang C, Liu S, Zhao L, Hamaker BR. Fiberutilizing capacity varies in Prevotellaversus Bacteroides-dominated gut microbiota. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):2594. doi:10.1038/ s41598-017-02995-4
  30. Chambers ES, Viardot A, Psichas A, et al. Effects of target- ed delivery of propionate to the human colon on appetite regulation, body weight maintenance and adiposity in over- weight adults. Gut. 2015;64(11):1744–1754. doi:10.1136/ gutjnl-2014-307913
  31. Tlaskalova-Hogenova H, Stepankova R, Kozakova H, et al. The role of gut microbiota (commensal bacteria) and the mucosal barrier in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases and cancer: contribution of germ-free and gnotobiotic animal models of human diseases. Cell Mol Immunol. 2011;8(2):110–120. doi:10.1038/cmi.2010.67
  32. Croxen MA, Law RJ, Scholz R, Keeney KM, Wlodarska M, Finlay BB. Recent advances in understanding enteric pathogenic Escherichia coli. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2013;26(4):822–880. doi:10.1128/ CMR.00022-13
  33. Leiva-Gea I, Sanchez-Alcoholado L, Martin-Tejedor B, et al. Gut Microbiota Differs in Composition and Functionality Between Children With Type 1 Diabetes and MODY2 and Healthy Control Subjects: a Case-Control Study. Diabetes Care. 2018;41(11):2385–2395. doi:10.2337/dc18-0253
  34. Qin J, Li Y, Cai Z, et al. A metagenome-wide association study of gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes. Nature. 2012;490(7418):55–60. doi:10.1038/nature11450
  35. Sasidharan Pillai S, Gagnon CA, Foster C, et al. Exploring the Gut Microbiota: key Insights into Its Role in Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Type 2 Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2024. doi:10.1210/clinem/dgae499
  36. Warmbrunn MV, Attaye I, Aron-Wisnewsky J, et al. Oral histidine affects gut microbiota and MAIT cells improving glycemic control in type 2 diabetes patients. Gut Microbes. 2024;16(1):2370616. doi:10.1080/19490976.2024.2370616

Published
2025

How to Cite

Xiaojing Wang, Qinli Guo, Zhaoxiang Liu, Yanlei Wang, Chenxiang Cao, Lixia Jin, Caihong Li, Jianzhong Xiao, Wenhui Zhao (2025). Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China. Diabetes Obesity Metabolic Syndrome. 1(13),29-40.